Alpha Lipoic Acid

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a potent endogenous antioxidant that plays a critical role in mitochondrial energy metabolism and protects against oxidative stress by regenerating other antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, and glutathione. ALA and its reduced form, dihydro lipoic acid, exhibit strong free radical scavenging properties and modulate signaling pathways involved in inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, making it relevant in conditions like diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), cardiovascular disease, and obesity [3]. Clinical evidence supports intravenous ALA at 600 mg/day for improving neuropathic symptoms and nerve conduction velocities in DPN, with oral supplementation also showing benefits, though to a lesser extent [2][6]. ALA supplementation has been shown to significantly reduce C-reactive protein levels, indicating anti-inflammatory effects [7], and may promote modest weight loss, with a meta-analysis showing an average 1.27 kg greater weight reduction compared to placebo [5]. Additionally, ALA may improve lipid profiles by reducing oxidized LDL and other atherogenic markers, suggesting a role in cardiovascular risk reduction [3]. However, under certain conditions, ALA may act as a pro-oxidant, particularly in the presence of transition metals, highlighting the need for cautious use in individuals with metal overload [1].