Overview
Cayenne pepper extract, derived from Capsicum species, exerts its primary biological effects through capsaicinoids—especially capsaicin and dihydrocapsiate—which interact with transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels. These compounds demonstrate thermogenic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Clinical evidence supports its role in supporting weight management by modestly increasing satiety and reducing energy intake [4] and enhancing resting metabolic rate, particularly with dihydrocapsiate [7]. Capsaicin also shows analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in animal models, supporting traditional use for pain and inflammation [5]. Additionally, intranasal capsaicin has been shown effective for idiopathic rhinitis [6]. The carotenoid content in cayenne, including capsanthin and beta-carotene, contributes antioxidant activity with potential cancer-preventive properties [1][2].
Dosage Guide
Therapeutic Doses
For treatment of specific conditions
Upper Intake Limit
Maximum safe daily intake
10 mg— Doses above 10 mg/day may cause GI irritation; safety not established beyond this level
Special Forms
Alternative forms for specific needs
Thermogenesis and metabolic support with less gastrointestinal irritation than capsaicin
Used in research for anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects
Clinical Notes
- High oral doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, heartburn, or gastric irritation.
- Topical capsaicin may cause initial burning sensation; use with caution on sensitive skin.
- Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes.
- Intranasal use should be short-term and supervised; may cause transient nasal burning.
- Potential drug interactions with anticoagulants (theoretical due to salicylate-like compounds); monitor for bleeding risk.
Research
Carotenoids in chili peppers exhibit antioxidant and potential anticancer activities.
Capsicum annuum contains bioactive compounds like capsaicinoids and carotenoids with nutraceutical potential.
Capsaicin demonstrates analgesic, anti-inflammatory, thermogenic, and anticancer properties.
Capsaicinoids reduce energy intake and may support weight management.
Ethanol extracts of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) show dose-dependent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in rodents.
Intranasal Capsicum spray (4 mcg/puff, 3x/day for 3 days) is effective and safe for idiopathic rhinitis.
Dihydrocapsiate (9 mg/day) significantly increases resting metabolic rate in humans after acute and chronic dosing.
Provides clinical dosing and safety guidance for common nutraceuticals including capsaicin-containing products.
