Overview
Zeaxanthin is a dietary carotenoid that selectively accumulates in the macula of the retina, where it forms macular pigment along with lutein and meso-zeaxanthin. It functions as an antioxidant and blue light filter, protecting retinal tissues from oxidative damage and photochemical stress, which may reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) [1][2]. Higher macular pigment levels have also been associated with improved cognitive function, particularly memory and processing speed, suggesting neuroprotective effects [3][4]. Clinical trials, including the AREDS2 study, have evaluated zeaxanthin in combination with lutein and omega-3 fatty acids, showing that supplementation increases serum carotenoid levels and macular pigment optical density, with potential benefits for both eye health and cognition in older adults [2][3][4].
Dosage Guide
Therapeutic Doses
For treatment of specific conditions
Special Forms
Alternative forms for specific needs
Often included with lutein and zeaxanthin in supplements to match macular pigment composition
Clinical Notes
- Zeaxanthin is generally well tolerated at recommended doses, with no established upper limit for safety.
- Combination with dietary fats enhances absorption due to fat-soluble nature.
- Long-term safety data are limited, but clinical trials have used 2 mg/day safely for up to 2 years.
Research
AREDS2 trial found that adding lutein + zeaxanthin to the AREDS formulation may reduce progression to advanced AMD, especially in those with low dietary intake.
Daily supplementation with 10 mg lutein and 2 mg zeaxanthin increased serum levels and macular pigment density over 6 months in adults aged 60+ with or without AMD.
Supplementation with 10 mg lutein, 10 mg meso-zeaxanthin, and 2 mg zeaxanthin for 12 months improved memory in healthy individuals with low macular pigment.
24-month supplementation with 10 mg lutein, 10 mg meso-zeaxanthin, and 2 mg zeaxanthin improved working memory in cognitively healthy adults aged ≥65 years.
Dose-ranging study showed that lutein supplementation (2.5–10 mg/day) significantly increased serum carotenoid levels, with effects plateauing by 3 months.
Supplementation with 1–3 mg/day astaxanthin increased plasma carotenoid concentrations, supporting bioavailability of related xanthophylls.
Evidence on antioxidant supplements for AMD prevention is inconclusive, but lutein and zeaxanthin show promise due to their retinal specificity.
Supplements containing lutein and zeaxanthin were more effective than food sources in increasing macular pigment levels in healthy volunteers over 8 weeks.
