Herbal

c-Phycocyanin

Also known as: phycocyanin, C-PC, phycocyanin protein, spirulina extract

Overview

C-Phycocyanin is a blue pigment-protein complex derived from spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. It has been studied for its potential role in protecting against oxidative stress-related conditions, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), due to its ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit inflammatory pathways such as COX-2 and LOX [2][1]. While direct clinical trials on c-phycocyanin for AMD or other chronic diseases in humans are limited, preclinical studies suggest it may support retinal health by reducing photo-oxidative damage and enhancing cellular defense mechanisms. However, robust human evidence is lacking, and current research does not yet support definitive therapeutic recommendations [3][8].

Dosage Guide

Therapeutic Doses

For treatment of specific conditions

General antioxidant support250-500 mg twice dailyBased on spirulina extracts; exact c-phycocyanin content varies by product

Special Forms

Alternative forms for specific needs

Spirulina powder

Common source of c-phycocyanin; typical dose 1-8 g/day

Standardized phycocyanin extract

Used in research; concentration ranges from 10-30% phycocyanin

Clinical Notes

  • Product standardization is a major concern—c-phycocyanin content varies significantly between supplements.
  • Limited long-term safety data; possible autoimmune stimulation in susceptible individuals.
  • Potential contamination of spirulina products with heavy metals or microcystins if not properly sourced.
  • No established RDA or UL for c-phycocyanin; doses based on preliminary research and spirulina studies.

Research

Key FindingsPubMed
1

Macular pigment, derived from diet, may help prevent or delay age-related maculopathy; rationale supports antioxidant interventions.

The rationale and evidence base for a protective role of macular pigment in age-related maculopathy.
The British journal of ophthalmology2008
2

Evidence for dietary supplements in age-related macular degeneration is modest, despite popular use.

Age-related macular degeneration and its possible prevention.
The Medical journal of Australia2004
3

Phase III trials for supplements should be preceded by phase II dose-finding studies to establish efficacy and optimal dosing.

Clinical development of dietary supplements: the perils of starting at phase III.
Fitoterapia2011
4

Some dietary supplements show efficacy in joint disease with minimal side effects, highlighting need for evidence-based development.

Supplements and injections for joint disease.
British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)2006
5

Clinicians need reliable data to advise patients on supplement safety, efficacy, and quality, as consumer use is widespread.

Advising consumers about dietary supplements: lessons from cranberry products.
Journal of dietary supplements2009
6

Herbal supplement trials face challenges including lack of standardization and difficulty in blinding.

Clinical trials of herbal treatments.
Evaluation & the health professions2009
7

Dietary supplement use is common in oncology, but communication gaps exist between patients and providers.

The use of dietary supplements in oncology.
Current oncology reports2014
8

Most dietary supplements lack strong evidence for safety or efficacy, despite increasing consumer use.

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health Perspectives on Clinical Research Involving Natural Products.
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals2020

Products Containing c-Phycocyanin(1 report)